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| REACTIONS
OF DILUTE ACIDS |
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| |
- Dilute acids contain hydrogen
ions that reacts with hydroxide ions to form water.
| |
H+
(aq) + OH- (aq) -----> H2O (l) |
- Acids react with bases to form
salt and water.
| For example: |
MgO (s)
+ 2HCl (aq) -----> MgCl2
(aq) + H2O
(l) |
| |
H+
(aq) + OH- (aq) -----> H2O (l) |
- Dilute acids react with solid
carbonates/carbonate ions in solution and hydrogen
carbonates to form salt, carbon dioxide and water.
| For example: |
ZnCO3
(s) + 2HCl (aq)
---> ZnCl2
(aq) + CO2
(g) + H2O
(l) |
| |
Na2CO3
(aq) + H2SO4
(aq)--->Na2SO4
(aq) + CO2
(g) + H2O
(l) |
| |
NaHCO3
(aq) + HNO3 (aq) ---> NaNO3 (aq) + CO2
(g) + H2O
(l) |
- Dilute hydrochloric acid is
also used to detect lead(II) ions and silver ions
in solution. It contains chloride ions that are used
to precipitate out insoluble lead(II) salts and silver
salts.
|
a.
|
Pb2+
(aq) + 2Cl-
(aq) -----> PbCl2
(s) |
| |
white ppt. |
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b.
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Ag+
(aq) + Cl- (aq) -----> AgCl
(s) |
Dilute sulphuric acid is also used to detect lead(II)
ions, calcium ions and barium ions in solution. It
contains sulphate ions that are used to precipitate
out insoluble lead(II) sulphate, calcium sulphate
and barium sulphate.
|
a.
|
Pb2+
(aq) + SO42-
(aq) -----> PbSO4
(s) |
|
b.
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Ca2+
(aq) + SO42-
(aq) -----> CaSO4
(s) |
|
c.
|
Ba2+
(aq) + SO42-
(aq) -----> BaSO4
(s) |
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